CONFERENCE THEME
Energizing Tomorrow: Pioneering Sustainable
Solutions in Fuels and Lubricants
Chief Executive Officer, PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional
Indonesia has made a strong commitment to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) targets by 2060 or sooner, as announced by the government during COP26 in the United Kingdom in 2021. This ambitious target aligns with global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. In this context, biofuel development has emerged as a critical component in accelerating Indonesia’s transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy systems.
PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional (PT KPI), a prominent entity in Indonesia’s downstream energy sector, plays a pivotal role in supporting NZE objectives through the production of environmentally friendly biofuels. Derived from renewable feedstocks such as palm oil and biomass, biofuels diversify the nation’s energy mix, replacing fossil fuels that dominate the transportation and industrial sectors. This transition contributes to reduced carbon emissions and bolsters energy security.
Aligned with Indonesia’s National Energy Policy, which seeks to increase the share of renewable energy, PT KPI is making significant strides in biofuel production. The company’s current capacity includes 3 KBPD of Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and 9 KBPD of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) at its Cilacap refinery. Continuous technological advancements and process innovations have enhanced efficiency, enabling the production of high-quality biofuels.
A notable initiative by PT KPI is the development of a green refinery, which integrates sustainability principles into fuel production processes. This green refinery optimises Indonesia’s abundant natural resources, including palm oil, and aims to minimise emissions and waste. PT KPI is also exploring the utilisation of non-edible oils and biomass as biofuel feedstocks. This approach not only supports NZE goals but also stimulates local economic growth by creating jobs and adding value to domestic natural resources.
Through innovation and collaboration with key stakeholders, PT KPI is determined to lead Indonesia’s clean energy transition. By enhancing biofuel production and leveraging sustainable practices, the company contributes to the nation’s efforts in achieving climate goals while fostering sustainable economic development.
Keywords: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), HEFA co-processing, Cilacap refinery, biofuel development, net-zero emissions, used cooking oil (UCO), aviation sustainability, renewable fuels, Kilang Pertamina
Vice President, Synthetic Base Stocks, ExxonMobil Product Solutions Company
The world in 2050 will look vastly different. With billions more people and greater global prosperity, the demand for energy will continue to grow. Simultaneously, global emissions are expected to decline as low-carbon solutions advance. However, achieving net-zero emissions will require much greater effort and innovation.
ExxonMobil’s Global Outlook provides a detailed view of global energy supply and demand through 2050. It serves as the foundation for the company’s long-term business strategies and investment plans, offering insights into trends such as economic development, technological advancements, consumer behaviour, and the impact of climate-related government policies.
While the energy transition is underway, it is not yet occurring at the scale or speed needed to meet society’s net-zero ambitions. ExxonMobil identifies three critical drivers that could accelerate this transition: effective policies, technological innovation, and the formation of carbon markets. These factors influence global energy consumption patterns and evolve over time.
The Outlook aims to deepen understanding of the factors shaping global energy demand, enabling ExxonMobil to make informed decisions that align with the evolving energy landscape. By sharing these insights, the company hopes to foster broader discussions on how to meet the world’s growing energy needs sustainably.
Energy, in all its forms, remains essential for human progress, enabling growth and prosperity across the globe. ExxonMobil’s comprehensive approach reflects its commitment to contributing to a balanced and sustainable energy future.
Keywords: global energy outlook, energy transition, net-zero emissions, low-carbon solutions, energy supply and demand, ExxonMobil strategies, climate policies, carbon markets, technological innovation, sustainable energy future, economic development, energy consumption patterns, long-term investment planning, global prosperity
Director (R&D), Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.
India, home to one of the world’s largest lubricant markets and a prominent automotive industry, is rapidly emerging as a hub of growth and innovation. IndianOil, the country’s largest refiner and fuel retailer, is at the forefront of this transformation, leveraging advanced technological developments and strategically expanding its operations both domestically and internationally.
As a leader in the hydrocarbon value chain, IndianOil is committed to delivering sustainable and affordable energy solutions to shape India’s energy future. The company is diversifying beyond conventional operations into alternative energy sources and cutting-edge technologies. These efforts reflect IndianOil’s strong commitment to innovation and corporate responsibility, aligning its global operations with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
India’s fuel and lubricant requirements are undergoing a significant transformation driven by evolving emissions regulations and fuel economy standards. The government’s focus on achieving net-zero targets has accelerated the adoption of energy-efficient practices, such as promoting ethanol-based fuels, oxygenated fuels like ED5 and MD15, hydrogen as a transportation fuel, re-refining initiatives supporting a circular economy, and the advancement of electric mobility solutions.
As a market leader, IndianOil is making substantial investments to meet these energy efficiency and carbon reduction goals. The company is focused on developing differentiated fuels and energy-efficient lubricants that comply with emission standards. These innovative products undergo rigorous testing and certification by regulatory bodies and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in India, demonstrating significant improvements in energy efficiency and emissions reduction.
This presentation will showcase key technologies developed and commercialised by IndianOil, supporting India’s sustainability and decarbonisation objectives. IndianOil’s efforts highlight the role of innovation and technology in driving energy transformation and achieving global climate goals.
Keywords: sustainable fuel technologies, advanced lubricants, IndianOil, energy transition, net-zero targets, emissions reduction, energy efficiency, ethanol-based fuels, ED5, MD15, hydrogen fuel, circular economy, electric mobility, UN Sustainable Development Goals, differentiated fuels, decarbonisation, automotive innovation, regulatory compliance
Vice President, Commercial, Chevron Oronite
Cary Knuth draws on over three decades of experience in the lubricants and fuels industry to explore the trends likely to shape the sector in the next 30 years. Reflecting on significant industry shifts, Knuth highlights key areas poised for transformation as the industry continues to adapt to evolving challenges and opportunities.
A central theme of Knuth’s insights is the ongoing evolution of lower-carbon solutions. With the global push for sustainability and stricter environmental regulations, the lubricant and fuels industry is increasingly prioritising solutions that help reduce emissions and align with reduction targets.
Knuth also examines the complexities of the modern supply chain. While the industry is more globally interconnected than ever before, it faces mounting challenges, including geopolitical pressures, resource constraints, and disruptions from unprecedented events. These factors require innovative approaches to enhance resilience and efficiency across the value chain.
Additionally, the rapid emergence of new technologies is set to redefine the lubricants landscape. From advancements in formulation development to breakthroughs in digitalisation and artificial intelligence, these innovations hold the potential to revolutionise how lubricants are developed, applied, and managed.
By looking back on the changes that have shaped the industry, Knuth provides a forward-looking perspective on the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. His reflections underscore the importance of adaptability, collaboration, and innovation in navigating the future of the lubricant value chain.
Keywords: lubricants industry trends, fuels sector transformation, lower-carbon solutions, supply chain resilience, sustainability, synthetic formulations, digitalisation, artificial intelligence, Chevron Oronite, global interconnectedness, environmental regulations, industry innovation, value chain adaptation, future outlook
Senior Vice President of Sales, Safety-Kleen Oil at Clean Harbors
As the demand for sustainable solutions intensifies globally, the North American re-refining industry is emerging as a leader in reducing environmental impact and enhancing resource efficiency within the lubricant market. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the re-refining process, from the collection of used oil to the production of high-quality finished products, offering insights into the rigorous testing and analysis required to maintain product quality.
North America generates over 1.4 billion gallons of used oil annually, yet only 550 million gallons are processed by re-refineries. This underscores the critical role of re-refining in reducing waste, conserving resources, and creating value across various market segments, including automotive and industrial lubricants. The session will delve into market trends and explore the value chain of re-refinery outputs such as Recycled Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB), Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO), and fuels, highlighting their growing importance in achieving sustainability goals.
In addition to outlining the benefits of re-refining, the presentation addresses the considerations for entering this market. Key topics include identifying addressable markets, evaluating sustainability drivers such as Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) and Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), and understanding the costs and benefits of various re-refining technologies.
A SWOT analysis will provide potential investors and companies with a clear perspective on the opportunities and challenges associated with re-refining. By examining the industry’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, the session aims to empower stakeholders to make informed decisions and contribute to the sector’s growth.
The re-refining industry exemplifies how sustainable recovery can power the future of lubricants, ensuring environmental responsibility while creating tangible value across the lubricant supply chain.
Keywords: re-refining, sustainable lubricants, used oil recovery, resource efficiency, North American re-refining, recycled engine oil bottoms (REOB), vacuum gas oil (VGO), sustainability goals, life cycle assessments (LCA), environmental product declarations (EPD), re-refinery outputs, SWOT analysis, Clean Harbors, circular economy, lubricant supply chain
Regional Sustainability Lead – Southeast Asia, Boeing
The development of new engine oil standards plays a crucial role in addressing global sustainability and emission reduction goals. Bill O’Ryan, Senior Manager for the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) EOLCS/DEF program, highlights the latest advancements in lubricant standards for gasoline, diesel, and New Energy Vehicles (NEVs).
ILSAC GF-7/API SQ Resource Conserving – March 2025
Set to launch in March 2025, the new ILSAC GF-7 and API SQ categories aim to deliver superior fuel economy and enhanced emission control system protection. These standards introduce improvements in engine cleanliness, oil gelation stability, and extended service life, all of which support sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The new specifications represent a significant step forward in resource-conserving lubricants designed for modern gasoline engines.
PC-12 Diesel Engine Oil Standard – January 2027
The proposed PC-12 (Proposed Category 12) standard for diesel engines, scheduled for release in January 2027, will certify advancements in engine cleanliness, wear protection, and emissions reduction. The technology demonstration phase is nearing completion, ensuring readiness to meet stringent global emission reduction targets. These standards will provide diesel engine manufacturers and operators with lubricants tailored to meet evolving performance and environmental demands.
Update on NEV Standard Development
With the increasing adoption of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs), including hybrids, electric vehicles, and those powered by sustainable fuels, OEMs are calling on the lubricants industry to establish performance benchmarks. API work groups are actively developing standards to address lubricant specifications for NEV powertrains and components, ensuring compatibility and efficiency in these emerging technologies.
These advancements in engine oil standards underscore the API’s commitment to innovation and collaboration in driving sustainability and performance in the lubricants industry. By addressing the unique demands of diverse vehicle types, these standards contribute to global efforts to reduce emissions and enhance energy efficiency.
Keywords: new engine oil standards, global sustainability, emission reduction, ILSAC GF-7, API SQ, PC-12 diesel engine oil, NEV lubricant standards, fuel economy, greenhouse gas reduction, API EOLCS/DEF program, lubricant innovation, resource-conserving lubricants, New Energy Vehicles (NEVs), OEM benchmarks, energy efficiency
Senior Manager, EOLCS/DEF, American Petroleum Institute
The development of new engine oil standards plays a crucial role in addressing global sustainability and emission reduction goals. Bill O’Ryan, Senior Manager for the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) EOLCS/DEF program, highlights the latest advancements in lubricant standards for gasoline, diesel, and New Energy Vehicles (NEVs).
ILSAC GF-7/API SQ Resource Conserving – March 2025
Set to launch in March 2025, the new ILSAC GF-7 and API SQ categories aim to deliver superior fuel economy and enhanced emission control system protection. These standards introduce improvements in engine cleanliness, oil gelation stability, and extended service life, all of which support sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The new specifications represent a significant step forward in resource-conserving lubricants designed for modern gasoline engines.
PC-12 Diesel Engine Oil Standard – January 2027
The proposed PC-12 (Proposed Category 12) standard for diesel engines, scheduled for release in January 2027, will certify advancements in engine cleanliness, wear protection, and emissions reduction. The technology demonstration phase is nearing completion, ensuring readiness to meet stringent global emission reduction targets. These standards will provide diesel engine manufacturers and operators with lubricants tailored to meet evolving performance and environmental demands.
Update on NEV Standard Development
With the increasing adoption of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs), including hybrids, electric vehicles, and those powered by sustainable fuels, OEMs are calling on the lubricants industry to establish performance benchmarks. API work groups are actively developing standards to address lubricant specifications for NEV powertrains and components, ensuring compatibility and efficiency in these emerging technologies.
These advancements in engine oil standards underscore the API’s commitment to innovation and collaboration in driving sustainability and performance in the lubricants industry. By addressing the unique demands of diverse vehicle types, these standards contribute to global efforts to reduce emissions and enhance energy efficiency.
Keywords: new engine oil standards, global sustainability, emission reduction, ILSAC GF-7, API SQ, PC-12 diesel engine oil, NEV lubricant standards, fuel economy, greenhouse gas reduction, API EOLCS/DEF program, lubricant innovation, resource-conserving lubricants, New Energy Vehicles (NEVs), OEM benchmarks, energy efficiency
Senior Principal Engineer, Powertrain Design & Evaluation, Toyota Motor North America
Business Development Director, Center for Quality Assurance
As the mobility industry races toward achieving carbon neutrality by 2050, the demand for improved fuel efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is intensifying. Vehicle hardware is evolving rapidly to meet these goals, and the role of lubricating and thermal transfer fluids is becoming increasingly vital. These fluids are essential for optimising the performance, reliability, and sustainability of modern vehicles.
This presentation focuses on the International Fluids Consortium (IFC) and its initiative to address the industry’s challenges through a new, global system for fluid specification development. The IFC, comprising leading OEMs, fluid manufacturers, and other industry stakeholders, has introduced an agile, OEM-led process aimed at ensuring fluid performance, quality, and availability. By leveraging this system, the consortium aims to align fluid development with regulatory requirements for fuel economy and emissions reductions.
A central highlight of the discussion will be the introduction of four new engine oil specifications. These specifications are designed for use in internal combustion engines (ICE) and electrified powertrain systems, addressing a wide range of performance and environmental requirements. Each specification represents a step forward in creating sustainable fluid solutions that cater to the increasingly complex needs of modern powertrain systems.
The presentation will delve into the technical criteria and developments behind these specifications and their contribution to the evolution of fluid technologies. These advancements not only support the mobility industry’s carbon neutrality goals but also reinforce its commitment to environmental responsibility and long-term sustainability.
Keywords: sustainable fluid standards, carbon-neutral mobility, International Fluids Consortium (IFC), fuel efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, OEM-led fluid development, engine oil specifications, internal combustion engines (ICE), electrified powertrain systems, fluid performance, regulatory compliance, environmental sustainability, vehicle reliability, thermal transfer fluids, mobility industry innovation
Principal Engineer, Automotive Research, Intertek
Since 2009 China has been the world’s largest automotive market. Driven by both technological advances and the local market, the Chinese automotive and engine manufacturers are requiring the development of unique engine oil specifications for gasoline, diesel and natural gas internal combustion engines, specifically for the Chinese market. This requirement was echoed by CSICE (Chinese Society for Internal Combustion Engines), SAE-China and the National Petroleum Products and Lubricants Standardization Technical Committee. In 2016, these three industry societies decided to form the Chinese Lubricant Standards Alliance Committee (CLSAC) to develop unique Chinese engine oil specifications. CLSAC decided to focus first on a diesel engine oil specification, then move on to gasoline and natural gas engine oil specifications. As a member of CLSAC, Intertek has participated in the entire Chinese test and specification development process to-date. In this presentation, the complete development process and finalization of the D1 (diesel engine oil) specification will be reviewed, and the current progress in the development of the G1 (gasoline engine oil) and NG1 (natural gas engine oil) specifications will be reviewed.
Keywords: Chinese engine oil specifications, CLSAC, automotive market, D1 diesel oil, G1 gasoline oil, NG1 natural gas oil, CSICE, SAE-China, standardization, Intertek
Head of Product Stewardship & Regulatory Solutions Performance Chemicals – Asia Pacific, Trade Control Coordinator Performance Chemicals, BASF
Nowadays, products not only need to show optimal performance, but also underlie an ever-growing set of chemical, sustainability-related or sector specific regulations. To be able to place products on the APAC market, it is crucial to have a solid understanding on all of the rapidly evolving requirements, be it, amongst others, under Korea or Taiwan REACH, evolving legislations and standards in China, Japan or Australia or the introduction of the ChemIndia portal, but also seemingly more distant topics sparking off further developments across global markets like the EU Green Deal, REACH revisions, Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, Green Claims Directive, or many other topics.
First of all, compliance with local chemical legislations is fundamental to the marketability of chemical products. The increasing number of regulations, in the last years particularly in the APAC region, has led to more and more complex information and registration requirements. Especially when introducing new chemistries or entering new markets, substance-specific data and regulatory expertise is crucial for the importer. While mainly inventory-based regulations like in China, Philippines, Japan, Australia or New Zealand (and as planned in several other APAC countries) often add more and more company-specifics nowadays, REACH-like regulations as seen in, e.g., Korea, Taiwan, EU, UK or Turkey require importer-specific registrations anyways. In this context, qualified suppliers and mechanisms such as Only Representatives* can help to straightforwardly cover legal entity-specific importing obligations throughout the supply chain.
On top of the pure number of legislations, a trend can be observed moving away from a risk-based to a hazard-based assessment of chemicals and products. With more and more elaborate chemical legislations, available data is reviewed by authorities, potentially leading to new study costs, re-classifications or even restrictions and bans. Therefore, the toolbox of globally available chemistries may decrease significantly – and with that likely the potential to innovate. Therefore, it is important to jointly work towards a predictable regulatory environment that enables and accelerates such innovations. Sufficient time is required as innovations do not only need to prove to have at least equal performance while being cost-competitive and suitable to industry-specific technical approvals, but also have to be evaluated regarding (eco-) toxicological properties. For products which have been identified as sustainable solution, Ecolabels can be an option to certify and promote them in an internationally recognized way.
In this presentation, an exemplary selection of chemical and related sustainability regulations relevant especially for the APAC but also the global market will be given, accompanied by practical challenges in the fuel and lubricant industry and how to handle them.
Keywords: Chinese engine oil specifications, CLSAC, automotive market, D1 diesel oil, G1 gasoline oil, NG1 natural gas oil, CSICE, SAE-China, standardization, Intertek
Technology Development Manager, Driveline & Future Mobility, Lubrizol China
The rapid growth in electric passenger vehicle production worldwide is fundamentally transforming lubricant requirements. Driven by sustainability legislation and the global push to reduce emissions, the electric vehicle market is forecasted to expand significantly, with regions like Greater China and the European Union projected to achieve nearly 100% electrified passenger vehicle production by 2035.
The transition from internal combustion engines to electric motors introduces new challenges for lubrication systems. Electric motors operate at much higher input speeds compared to conventional internal combustion engine-driven transmissions. This is due to the torque-speed characteristics of electric motors and the drive toward higher power density and efficiency. As electric vehicle OEMs strive for compact powertrains using fewer materials, electric motors with speeds exceeding 30,000 rpm—such as those produced by Chinese OEMs—are becoming more common, presenting significant challenges in lubricating high-speed bearings.
Current driveline testing capabilities are limited to a few thousand rpm, but the demand for improved systems capable of evaluating components at extreme speeds is growing. Lubricants play a crucial role in ensuring powertrain efficiency by reducing friction, extending bearing life, and dissipating heat to lower operating temperatures.
In this presentation, Lubrizol will share insights from its research on the high-speed behaviour of rolling element bearings. The study investigated the impact of lubricant viscosity on bearing performance under high-speed conditions. Results revealed that high-speed operation leads to significant temperature increases and may cause skidding or sliding of rolling components, reducing their operational lifespan.
Lubrizol’s work highlights the need for tailored lubricant formulations to improve the efficiency and durability of mechanical systems at the component level. By addressing these challenges, the company aims to support the development of sustainable transportation solutions that enhance powertrain performance and reliability.
Keywords: electric vehicle lubricants, high-speed bearings, lubricant viscosity, electric motor lubrication, rolling element bearings, driveline efficiency, high-speed operation, powertrain performance, sustainability in EVs, friction reduction, heat dissipation, compact powertrains, bearing durability, EV OEM challenges, sustainable transportation solutions
Technology Manager (AsPac), bp Singapore
This paper explores how engine lubricating oils impact fuel economy under various operating conditions and vehicle configurations, comparing conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) with two types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). By leveraging reduced viscosity and tailored additives, engine lubricants can significantly improve fuel efficiency. Commercial engine tests in controlled environments and steady-state testing are often utilised for such assessments, though these methods require meticulous execution due to technical challenges.
The complexities of measuring lubricant impact are magnified by vehicle hybridisation. This study presents comparative data on similar engine technologies operating in different vehicle types—ICE and two HEV configurations—with varying engine operation strategies. The results demonstrate the differentiation in lubricant performance and its effects on fuel economy, with potential explanations discussed.
Field observations highlight a critical challenge for engine lubricants in gasoline direct injection (GDI) ICEs: the high-pressure (HP) fuel pump with an oil-lubricated cam and follower. A novel test rig was developed to measure GDI HP fuel pump friction accurately, and comparative data was gathered to quantify its contribution to overall engine friction. Results from the transient Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Transient Cycle (WLTC) indicate distinct lubricant friction differentiation for ICE and HEV operation in charge-sustaining mode.
The study underscores the importance of selecting relevant drive cycles for the development of new and existing lubricant products. Hybrid engines, compared to standard ICE vehicles, operate across a broader range of strategies influenced by vehicle and driver behaviour. To illustrate these dynamics, recent on-road data from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is also presented.
This research highlights the evolving role of lubricants in achieving optimal fuel economy across different vehicle types, particularly as hybridisation complicates engine operation. It provides valuable insights for the development of advanced lubricant formulations tailored to diverse powertrain technologies.
Keywords: engine lubricants, fuel economy differentiation, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), internal combustion engines (ICEs), lubricant viscosity, gasoline direct injection (GDI), high-pressure fuel pump, lubricant friction, WLTC drive cycle, hybrid engine strategies, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), advanced lubricant formulations, vehicle hybridisation, powertrain efficiency
Senior Expert, R&D and Application of EV Transmission Fluids, Sinopec Lubricant Co., Ltd
New energy vehicles (NEVs) are gaining increasing popularity in China, driven by their economic and environmentally friendly characteristics. With the rapid evolution of electronic drive units (EDUs), especially those featuring high-voltage, high-speed, and high-efficiency designs, lubrication technology for these units has garnered significant attention. Among the advancements, oil-cooled motor technology has emerged as the mainstream approach in EDU design due to its superior heat dissipation and cooling performance.
Chinese OEMs place considerable emphasis on the compatibility between new motor materials and lubricants, ensuring optimal lubrication and extreme pressure (EP) protection for gears and bearings. Notably, even with low-viscosity e-fluids, OEMs demand a failure level stage of at least 8 on the FZG (A10/16.6R/90) test, underscoring the importance of EP performance, particularly for single-stage reducers.
Lower viscosity lubricants are proven to enhance heat transfer and reduce resistive losses in electric motors, thereby improving efficiency. However, this reduction in viscosity introduces potential challenges, including compromised hardware protection, low-temperature sealing issues, increased volatility, and foaming tendencies. Sinopec’s ongoing efforts address these challenges through innovative fluid formulations.
A breakthrough low-viscosity e-fluid formulation, with a viscosity 50% lower than conventional fluids (KV@100℃ approximately 3.0 cSt), has been developed to deliver superior durability. By balancing additives to enhance oil film thickness and chemical tribofilm formation, the formulation achieves improved EP performance. Bench and field tests revealed that this advanced e-transmission fluid enhances EDU efficiency by over 1.0% compared to commercial oils under specific conditions.
The findings provide valuable insights for EDU design engineers, demonstrating that low-viscosity fluids, when properly formulated, can effectively protect hardware while increasing efficiency. Looking ahead, NEV lubricants will face additional challenges to meet the demands of higher motor speeds (up to 30,000 rpm) and higher voltage systems (up to 1200V), requiring further innovation to ensure compatibility and performance.
Keywords: e-drive unit lubrication, new energy vehicles (NEVs), Sinopec Lubricant, low-viscosity e-fluids, oil-cooled motor technology, high-voltage EDUs, extreme pressure (EP) protection, FZG test, electric motor efficiency, e-transmission fluids, hardware protection, tribofilm formation, high-speed motors, advanced lubricant formulations, electric drivetrain efficiency
R&D Group Manager, Automotive Oil, ENEOS Corporation
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating as the world moves toward a sustainable society. Efforts to enhance EV efficiency and extend driving range continue to advance, with lubricants playing a vital role in improving the performance of the E-Axle. ENEOS Corporation introduces its innovative EV oil technology, designed to optimise E-Axle efficiency by reducing friction.
Reducing viscosity has been a proven strategy for fuel-saving in automotive lubricants. In EV fluids, the use of significantly lower viscosity lubricants compared to traditional driveline fluids is gaining traction. These fluids improve E-Axle efficiency by minimising churning resistance. However, excessive viscosity reduction presents challenges, including potential durability and safety issues. Increased component contact under these conditions could deteriorate performance rather than enhance it.
ENEOS’s novel approach focuses on reducing friction at sliding components to address these concerns. In E-Axles, the primary source of friction losses is gear contact. Efficiency improvements require reducing both frictional resistance at contact surfaces and drag resistance of the oil film under high-pressure conditions. ENEOS has developed a proprietary friction modifier tailored specifically for gears, which, when combined with a low traction coefficient base oil, significantly reduces friction.
By integrating these technologies with advanced viscosity reduction techniques, ENEOS has achieved substantial efficiency gains in EV fluids. This approach not only enhances the E-Axle’s performance but also contributes to the broader goal of improving EV efficiency and sustainability.
Keywords: EV fluid design, E-Axle efficiency, ENEOS Corporation, low-viscosity lubricants, friction reduction, gear contact friction, drag resistance, traction coefficient, proprietary friction modifier, electric vehicle efficiency, sustainability, advanced lubricant technology, churning resistance, durability challenges, driveline fluids
R&D Engineer, SK Innovation
The rapid advancements in electric vehicle (EV) technology have heightened the need for innovative thermal management solutions to improve performance, efficiency, and component longevity. This study examines the application of direct fluid cooling as a thermal management system in EVs, offering a superior alternative to traditional air or indirect cooling methods. Direct fluid cooling involves channeling thermal management fluids through critical components such as electric motors, power electronics, and battery systems, leveraging fluid’s exceptional thermal properties for precise temperature control and enhanced heat dissipation.
Using a test bench setup and chassis dynamometer, this research evaluates various thermal fluids under diverse operating conditions to assess their heat dissipation performance. Results from the experimental analysis reveal that direct fluid cooling significantly improves the temperature regulation of EV motors, a critical factor in maintaining durability and efficiency under high-power demands. Among the fluids tested, Fluid D demonstrated the best cooling performance by achieving the lowest hotspot temperature on motor windings, underscoring the importance of thermal fluid selection for optimal results.
Additionally, chassis dynamometer tests validated the real-world effects of different fluids on a commercial EV. Findings indicate that optimised thermal fluids not only maintain ideal temperature levels but also enhance driving range and energy efficiency by reducing power consumption. These results highlight the potential of direct fluid cooling to address the thermal challenges posed by high-power-density electric drivetrains.
In conclusion, direct fluid cooling emerges as a promising solution for EV thermal management, reducing component temperatures and improving system efficiency. This innovative approach supports the development of high-performance, reliable electric mobility and offers valuable insights for EV manufacturers seeking to optimise thermal management systems in next-generation vehicles.
Keywords: direct fluid cooling, EV thermal management, SK Innovation, electric vehicle efficiency, heat dissipation, thermal fluids, electric motor cooling, high-power density drivetrains, chassis dynamometer tests, temperature regulation, driving range enhancement, energy efficiency, battery systems, innovative cooling solutions, electric mobility performance
CAE Lubrication Engineer, Drive System Engineering, Tesla Inc.
The drive unit is a pivotal component in electric vehicles (EVs), requiring precision in design to enhance performance, reduce costs, and streamline development time. Tesla’s lubrication design process leverages a simulation-based approach to achieve these goals, combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other advanced analysis tools to optimise system design and increase experimental test value.
This presentation provides an in-depth walkthrough of Tesla’s simulation-driven lubrication system design. From the initial stages, simulation tools are utilised to ensure lubrication targets are met at the component level, evaluate oil distribution within the drive unit, and predict system efficiency. By leveraging these tools, Tesla engineers can make informed design choices and prioritise improvements early in the development process.
Using one of Tesla’s drive units as a case study, the presentation highlights how windage and churning losses are analysed at a component level to identify primary contributors to efficiency losses. The findings underscore the critical role of high-speed components, lubrication-dependent designs, and motor cooling architectures in achieving better overall efficiency.
Beyond performance enhancements, the simulation approach fosters better team collaboration and decision-making. By integrating insights across engineering disciplines, Tesla streamlines the design process, enabling more efficient communication and reducing system costs.
The simulation-based methodology not only drives innovation but also aligns with Tesla’s overarching goal of delivering high-performance, cost-effective EV solutions. This presentation highlights the importance of integrating advanced simulation tools in lubrication system design for modern drive units.
Keywords: Tesla lubrication design, simulation-based approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), EV drive units, oil distribution optimisation, windage losses, churning losses, high-speed components, motor cooling architecture, system efficiency, cost-effective EV solutions, advanced analysis tools, team collaboration, engineering innovation, lubrication system optimisation
President, 5th Order Industry LLC
The lubrication industry is a cornerstone of economic growth, but it also contributes significantly to environmental challenges. As the world pivots toward sustainability, the industry must adopt practices that reduce its environmental footprint while supporting circular economy principles. This keynote paper examines the role of the lubrication sector in promoting sustainability and reducing environmental impact, offering insights and strategies for industry transformation.
Key areas of focus include:
1. Environmental Impact of Lubrication
The production, consumption, and disposal of lubricants are associated with greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and waste generation. Understanding and mitigating these impacts is crucial for the industry’s transition toward sustainability.
2. Circular Economy Principles
Embracing circular economy principles can help minimise waste and optimise resource efficiency. This discussion will explore how these principles can be effectively applied to the lubrication industry to drive sustainable growth.
3. Sustainable Production
The development of bio-based and renewable lubricants presents both challenges and opportunities. This section will delve into the potential of sustainable sources and the barriers to their adoption.
4. Sustainable Lubricants
Advancing sustainable raw materials that reduce environmental impact is critical. Topics include biodegradable lubricants, long-life lubricants, and lubricant recycling, which are essential for meeting future demands while minimising ecological harm.
5. Waste Management and Recycling
Strategies to reduce waste generation and improve recycling rates within the industry will be highlighted. This includes product designs for recyclability, waste-to-energy technologies, and lubricant re-refining initiatives.
By integrating sustainable practices and circular economy principles, the lubrication industry can play a pivotal role in creating a more sustainable future. This paper will provide actionable recommendations and valuable insights for stakeholders, equipping them to drive meaningful change within the industry.
Keywords: lubrication industry sustainability, circular economy, environmental impact, biodegradable lubricants, renewable lubricants, lubricant recycling, waste management, greenhouse gas reduction, lubricant production, circular practices, sustainable raw materials, re-refining, resource efficiency, waste-to-energy technologies, industry transformation
Senior Engineer, EOLCS, American Petroleum Institute
As sustainability becomes a critical focus across industries, the lubricant sector is advancing efforts to establish standardised methodologies for assessing environmental impacts. The American Petroleum Institute (API) is making significant progress on API Technical Report (TR) 1533 Version 2, which is centred on developing two key recommended practice standards: Lubricant Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Lubricant Carbon Footprinting (CFP) Methodology.
The API Sustainability Work Group is leading the initiative by restructuring into specialised Task Forces. These Task Forces aim to standardise the processes for conducting LCAs and CFP calculations, ensuring that they are both understandable and comparable. By defining clear guidelines and methodologies, these standards will enable the lubricant industry to evaluate environmental impacts more effectively and consistently.
This presentation will provide an update on the progress of API TR 1533 Version 2, highlighting how these efforts will contribute to harmonised sustainability practices within the lubricant sector. It underscores the importance of collaboration in developing robust frameworks that facilitate measurable improvements in sustainability performance.
Keywords: lubricant sustainability, carbon footprinting, API TR 1533, life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental impact assessment, sustainability standards, carbon footprint methodology, API Sustainability Work Group, lubricant industry innovation, harmonised practices, sustainability performance, standardised methodologies, collaborative frameworks, emissions reduction
Project Manager, Carbon Minds GmbH
Lubricants play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency and extending the lifespan of equipment, significantly reducing environmental impacts during their use phase. However, as the industry moves toward sustainability, understanding and minimising the Product Carbon Footprints (PCFs) of lubricants, greases, and specialty products has become increasingly vital. This presentation explores opportunities to reduce the environmental footprint of finished lubricants within their cradle-to-gate lifecycle.
The session identifies key strategies for minimising emissions along the value chain. Direct electrification is highlighted as a critical step for reducing energy consumption in production processes. In addition, innovative feedstock solutions, including advanced recycling and refining technologies, the use of biomass, and the implementation of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CC(U)S) technologies supported by hydrogen, are essential for addressing feedstock emissions.
By focusing on these combined approaches, the presentation outlines the requirements necessary for achieving meaningful reductions in environmental footprints. It also discusses how the lubricants industry can serve as a leader in decarbonisation, setting an example for other sectors.
This comprehensive approach demonstrates that by embracing advanced technologies and sustainable practices, the lubricants industry can make significant progress in reducing its carbon footprint, contributing to global sustainability efforts.
Keywords: cradle-to-gate assessment, lubricant sustainability, Product Carbon Footprints (PCFs), environmental impact reduction, energy efficiency, advanced recycling, carbon capture and storage (CCUS), biomass feedstock, hydrogen technologies, emissions reduction, sustainable lubricants, refining innovation, decarbonisation leadership, lubricant industry practices
Global Sales Director, Petroleum Group, Vanderbilt Chemicals, LLC
As manufacturing transitions from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, lubrication and tribology are playing an increasingly crucial role in supporting advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, robotics, and additive manufacturing. The 2023 STLE Trends Report underscores how tribological innovations are integral to enhancing efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in these smart, connected systems.
In this presentation, we will explore the critical developments in tribotronics, where sensors integrated with lubricants and bearings enable real-time monitoring of equipment health, friction, and wear. We will also delve into the implications of self-lubricating materials and nano-lubricants, which promise to extend machinery lifespans and reduce energy consumption in increasingly complex systems.
Moreover, as Industry 5.0 brings a human-centric approach to manufacturing, we will discuss the role of collaborative robots (cobots) and how they will work alongside humans to create more efficient, precise production environments. Lubricants in this new paradigm will need to evolve, not only to meet traditional demands but to support emerging technologies in additive manufacturing and smart machinery.
This session will provide insights into how tribology is adapting to new challenges and shaping the future of smart manufacturing. Join us as we discuss the integration of next-generation lubricants, advanced bearing technologies, and real-time monitoring systems to meet the needs of tomorrow’s industries.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, smart manufacturing, tribology, tribotronics, AI, IoT, robotics, additive manufacturing, self-lubricating materials, nano-lubricants, collaborative robots (cobots), real-time monitoring, advanced lubricants, machinery efficiency, smart systems, Vanderbilt Chemicals
Director – Decarbonisation Solutions, Wartsila Singapore Pte Ltd
The maritime industry is undergoing a transformative shift toward decarbonisation to address the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and meet global sustainability goals. This presentation examines the evolving regulatory landscape that is driving this transition, with a particular focus on the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations and regional frameworks like the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and FuelEU Maritime. These initiatives aim to promote cleaner technologies and energy efficiency for both existing vessels and new builds.
A central theme of the presentation is the role of alternative and sustainable fuels in enabling the maritime industry’s decarbonisation efforts. Fuels such as ammonia, methanol, biofuels, and hydrogen are emerging as viable options to reduce the carbon footprint of shipping. The presentation explores the benefits and challenges associated with these fuels, including their production, storage, handling, and compatibility with existing infrastructure.
Technological innovations that support the adoption of sustainable fuels are also highlighted. These include advancements in fuel storage systems, engine modifications, and hybrid propulsion technologies, all of which are critical for enabling the widespread use of alternative fuels.
By addressing the intersection of regulatory frameworks, energy efficiency strategies, and alternative fuels, this presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the pathways to decarbonisation in the maritime sector. It offers practical insights for stakeholders and industry professionals, emphasising the importance of collaboration and innovation to achieve sustainability targets.
Keywords: maritime decarbonisation, sustainable fuels, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction, International Maritime Organization (IMO), EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), FuelEU Maritime, ammonia, methanol, biofuels, hydrogen, alternative fuel technologies, fuel storage systems, hybrid propulsion, energy efficiency, maritime sustainability
Senior Specialist Bioenergy and Biofuel Development, PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional
As the aviation sector intensifies its focus on environmental sustainability, significant efforts are underway worldwide to develop alternative fuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These initiatives align with the global goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) has emerged as the most effective solution for decarbonising aviation, complementing other strategies like advanced aircraft technology, optimised flight operations, and carbon offsetting.
PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional (PT KPI) is positioning itself as a regional leader in SAF development by leveraging its existing assets, including the Cilacap refinery—Indonesia’s largest. PT KPI has successfully modified its hydroprocessing plant at Cilacap to accommodate biogenic feedstock, enabling the production of SAF through the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) co-processing pathway. These advancements were achieved by replacing catalysts, modifying existing facilities, and refining production techniques to support sustainable fuel production.
The Cilacap refinery’s commercial distillate hydrotreating unit has demonstrated its capability to process biogenic palm kernel oil feedstock at levels up to 2.4% of the permitted 5% volume. The SAF produced meets ASTM D1655 standards, including extended requirement clauses. A comprehensive testing programme validated the fuel’s quality and performance through static/bench tests, ground tests, and flight demonstrations, all of which confirmed compliance with certification standards.
Building on this success, PT KPI is advancing plans to expand SAF production using second-generation feedstocks like used cooking oil (UCO). The initiative aims to achieve sustainability certification for SAF production at the Cilacap facility, further solidifying Pertamina’s role as a regional leader in sustainable aviation solutions.
This achievement underscores Pertamina’s commitment to fostering sustainability within Indonesia and the broader region, showcasing the potential of innovative approaches to SAF production in driving environmental and economic progress.
Keywords: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), net-zero emissions, biogenic feedstock, hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA), Cilacap refinery, PT Kilang Pertamina Internasional, aviation sustainability, used cooking oil (UCO), ASTM D1655 standards, carbon offsetting, aviation decarbonisation, regional leadership, sustainable fuel production, environmental progress
Research Professor, Osaka Metropolitan University
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is emerging as a critical solution for reducing carbon emissions in aviation. Traditionally, SAF has been produced through hydrocracking or hydro-decarboxylation of waste cooking oil, or via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis combined with benzene alkylation. However, innovative approaches, such as the production and utilisation of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAEs), offer a low-energy, high-yield alternative for SAF production.
This research highlights the production of butyl acetate and butyl butyrate as SAF components. These esters were synthesised through the esterification of acetic acid and butyric acid with butanol, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Remarkably, the production process achieved yields exceeding 99% within just one hour at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, demonstrating its efficiency and scalability.
The chemical properties of these FAAEs are well-suited for aviation applications. Butyl acetate has a freezing point of -78°C, a flash point of 22°C, and a boiling point of 126.3°C. Similarly, butyl butyrate has a freezing point of -92°C, a flash point of 53°C, and a boiling point of 165°C. These characteristics ensure excellent performance in extreme conditions encountered in aviation.
FAAEs were tested as SAF in a small jet engine, running on 100% SAF fuel. The results showed smooth combustion and significant reductions in exhaust emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons, confirming their potential as a sustainable aviation fuel.
This study underscores the viability of FAAEs as an innovative and sustainable approach to SAF production. By leveraging efficient production methods and demonstrating favourable environmental performance, this research contributes to the advancement of sustainable aviation technologies.
Keywords: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters (FAAEs), carbon emissions reduction, butyl acetate, butyl butyrate, esterification, low-energy production, aviation sustainability, fuel efficiency, exhaust emissions reduction, renewable fuel technologies, jet engine testing, innovative SAF production, acetic acid, butyric acid
Chief Staff, Lubricant Planning Department, ENEOS Corporation
ENEOS Corporation is advancing the development of low-carbon lubricant base oils, contributing to the creation of a sustainable and circular economy. This presentation highlights ENEOS’s successful demonstration project, conducted in collaboration with Toyota Motor Corporation, to produce low-carbon base oils using regenerated lubricant oil as raw material. By collecting and reprocessing used engine oil from the market, this initiative promotes resource efficiency and reduces CO2 emissions.
A key achievement of the project is the validation of high-temperature oxidation stability through the Sequence IIIH test. This test confirmed that the performance of the low-carbon base oil matches that of conventional base oils derived from crude oil, marking a significant step forward in sustainable lubricant production.
The innovation aligns with ENEOS’s Group Long-Term Vision, which seeks to balance a stable energy supply with the realisation of a carbon-neutral society. By leveraging existing petroleum refining infrastructure, ENEOS aims to scale this technology as part of Japan’s Ministry of the Environment’s decarbonisation program. The integration of this process into existing systems will enable the production of next-generation base oils, significantly reducing CO2 emissions across their lifecycle.
This initiative underscores ENEOS’s commitment to driving sustainability in the lubricant industry while ensuring performance standards are met. It represents a practical and scalable solution to support a carbon-neutral future.
Keywords: low-carbon lubricant base oils, circular economy, sustainable lubricant production, ENEOS Corporation, regenerated lubricant oil, CO2 emissions reduction, Sequence IIIH test, carbon-neutral society, petroleum refining infrastructure, decarbonisation program, resource efficiency, next-generation base oils, Toyota collaboration, sustainable innovation
CTS Group Leader, Afton Chemical Asia Pte Ltd
The global transition to vehicle electrification continues to accelerate, driven by environmental challenges, urbanisation, technological advancements, and government regulations. In China, EV sales recorded a 35% growth in 2023 compared to 2022, accounting for 31% of total vehicle sales. Projections indicate this share will reach 50% by 2026, far exceeding the original target set for 2035.
As electrification advances, hardware technology in electric drive units—including motors, gears, and bearings—is rapidly evolving. Key drivers of this evolution are reliability and energy efficiency, both of which depend significantly on the performance of electric drive fluids (EDFs). EDF formulations must meet diverse and critical requirements, including gear, bearing, and pump protection; corrosion prevention; foam and aeration control; thermal management; excellent electrical properties; and compatibility with seals and elastomers. High-performance fluids enable the optimisation of efficiency-related properties such as viscometrics, chemistry, and friction.
In a unique collaboration with an OEM, Afton Chemical demonstrated a next-generation electric drive fluid technology capable of delivering up to a 1.5% comprehensive efficiency gain compared to an established industry reference fluid. This efficiency was verified through testing on the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC). The fluid also exhibited exceptional reliability, robustly passing proprietary OEM EDU durability tests that correlate with up to 1,000,000 km of vehicle mileage.
This high-efficiency, high-reliability ETF additive technology supports the demands of next-generation NEVs, characterised by high-speed, high-voltage, and highly integrated system designs. In this presentation, we will outline our approach to developing this advanced technology, focusing on the methodologies and innovations that underpin its superior performance.
Keywords: electric drive fluids (EDF), high-efficiency ETF technology, electric vehicle electrification, Afton Chemical, next-generation NEVs, China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC), gear and bearing protection, thermal management, high-voltage systems, electric drive unit reliability, advanced lubricant formulations, OEM collaboration, friction optimisation, energy efficiency, high-speed EV systems
Global Product Line Manager, Automotive Engine Oil Additives, Small Engine Oil Additives, Viscosity Modifiers, Chevron Oronite
Globally, automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and stakeholders in the lubricant value chain are actively pursuing strategies to achieve carbon and emissions reduction goals. These efforts aim to significantly lower CO2 emissions within specific time frames, reflecting the growing focus on sustainability in the automotive sector.
Chevron Oronite has been at the forefront of developing lower-carbon lubricant additive solutions for various automotive applications, including heavy-duty and passenger car vehicles powered by bio-diesel, re-refined base oil (RRBO), hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2 ICE), hybrids, and plug-in hybrids. Building on the insights presented in an earlier F&L 2024 paper, Chevron Oronite continues to advance its research and development efforts.
The company’s approach includes fundamental research, comprehensive engine and field testing, and collaboration with industry partners. These efforts focus on developing robust solutions that meet lower-carbon requirements, support the use of alternative fuels, and address the diverse needs of modern powertrains.
In this presentation, Chevron Oronite will share its latest advancements in lower-carbon lubricant additive solutions, focusing on applications in H2 ICE, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. The presentation will include details of additive and lubricant formulations that have been developed and validated through extensive engine and field testing. The test data demonstrates the compatibility and effectiveness of these solutions in enabling lower carbon outcomes while maintaining performance and reliability.
This work underscores Chevron Oronite’s commitment to delivering innovative solutions that help the automotive industry transition toward a more sustainable future.
Keywords: lower-carbon lubricant additives, Chevron Oronite, automotive sustainability, CO2 emissions reduction, hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2 ICE), re-refined base oil (RRBO), hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrids, alternative fuels, engine testing, field testing, modern powertrains, additive formulations, automotive innovation, lower-carbon solutions
Vice President Automotive, Evonik Oil Additives Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd.
The sustainability transformation of the lubricants industry stands as a crucial goal for the first half of the 21st century. With the demand for sustainable solutions spanning multiple end markets, advancements in lubrication technology are integral to achieving this objective.
In the automotive sector, electrification is becoming ubiquitous. Vehicles ranging from range-extended hybrids to fully battery-electric models rely on technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs. As battery size increases vehicle weight and expense, enhancing mileage through effective friction reduction becomes a critical strategy. Lubricants, particularly those tailored for e-drive units and hybrid engines, play a pivotal role. Flat viscosity oils, a new class of engine lubricants, are designed to operate efficiently under the reduced temperatures typical of hybridized engines, offering innovative solutions to these unique challenges.
Commercial vehicles, with their distinct requirements, are exploring hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. Hydrogen fuel leverages familiar combustion engine technology but introduces challenges in lubrication. Additive mixing with gaseous fuel and the interaction of water by-products with lubricants can negatively affect engine performance, leading to issues like low-speed pre-ignition. Optimised additives designed for improved emulsification address these challenges, ensuring engine reliability and longevity.
In the industrial domain, the rise of renewable energy, particularly wind power, underscores the importance of reliable lubrication. With wind turbines growing in size and complexity, high-performance lubricants are essential to ensure the durability of their gearboxes, which are critical for operational efficiency and longevity.
This presentation will showcase Evonik Oil Additives’ pioneering work in sustainable lubrication solutions for automotive and industrial applications. By tackling these pressing challenges, Evonik aims to foster innovation and collaboration, inviting partners and stakeholders to contribute to the industry’s transformation toward sustainability.
Keywords: sustainable lubrication technologies, automotive lubricants, industrial lubricants, Evonik Oil Additives, e-drive units, flat viscosity oils, hybrid engines, hydrogen fuel challenges, wind turbine lubrication, renewable energy, friction reduction, engine additives, industrial gearboxes, sustainability transformation, collaborative innovation
Senior Manager, Application Technology, LANXESS Deutschland GmbH
Metalworking fluids play a critical role in reducing friction, minimising tool wear, and enhancing the quality of manufactured parts. They contribute significantly to the energy-efficient operation of machine tools and the preservation of their value. However, the increasing demand for sustainable solutions has highlighted the environmental impact of traditional metalworking fluids, which are predominantly based on fossil-derived mineral oils and contain additives that can harm ecosystems.
This presentation explores multiple strategies to formulate metalworking fluids with improved sustainability while maintaining or even exceeding the performance of conventional fluids. Key approaches include:
1. Base Oil Alternatives
Synthetic esters derived from renewable raw materials and plant-based synthetic hydrocarbons offer viable replacements for fossil-derived mineral oils. These alternatives reduce the environmental footprint of metalworking fluids and align with the principles of sustainability.
2. Lubricity Additives
Polyol esters, known for their excellent friction-reducing properties, are fully biodegradable and primarily based on renewable raw materials. They are effective in both water-miscible and neat oil metalworking fluids.
3. Environmentally Friendly Anti-Wear Additives
Metal-free dithiophosphates and amine phosphates serve as substitutes for traditional zinc dithiophosphates. With low ecotoxicological profiles, these additives meet the strict EU Ecolabel requirements and minimise environmental impact.
4. Chlorinated Paraffin Replacements
Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins, commonly used as extreme pressure (EP) additives, are increasingly being banned due to their ecological and health risks. Sulfurized esters and olefins, referred to as sulfur carriers, are effective alternatives, offering better performance in reducing friction and energy consumption. These sulfur carriers are often derived from renewable sources and are fully biodegradable, making them ideal for sustainable formulations.
Tribological testing demonstrates that sustainable metalworking fluids formulated with these advanced components can outperform traditional fluids, even in demanding applications like machining stainless steel. Benefits include reduced energy consumption, extended tool life, and compliance with environmental regulations.
With over 35 years of expertise in metalworking fluid formulation, Wilhelm Rehbein presents a compelling case for integrating sustainability into metalworking fluid design. This presentation showcases practical solutions and highlights the potential for the lubricant industry to contribute to environmental stewardship without compromising performance.
Keywords: sustainable metalworking fluids, renewable base oils, synthetic esters, polyol esters, environmentally friendly additives, metal-free dithiophosphates, sulfur carriers, chlorinated paraffin alternatives, friction reduction, extreme pressure (EP) additives, EU Ecolabel compliance, energy-efficient machining, extended tool life, LANXESS Deutschland, sustainable lubrication solutions
Senior Business Development Manager, ChainCraft B.V.
As climate change becomes an undeniable reality, the lubricant industry faces increasing pressure to adopt sustainable solutions. Achieving carbon neutrality and net-zero goals by 2030 or 2050 requires addressing Scope 3 emissions, which can constitute up to 90% of a company’s carbon footprint. These emissions, linked to suppliers and input materials, present a significant challenge that demands collaboration across the value chain.
Base oils, a major component of lubricant formulations, are traditionally derived from petroleum or vegetable oils, such as palm, coconut, or castor oils. While vegetable oils are considered greener alternatives, they often carry environmental, social, and economic drawbacks, including deforestation, biodiversity loss, poor labour conditions, and price volatility. The need for sustainable alternatives to these conventional sources has never been more urgent.
A promising alternative involves producing fatty acids from upcycled organic waste through fermentation processes. This method embodies circularity by converting waste materials, such as food residues, into useful feedstocks for lubricant production. Fatty acids produced through this approach can achieve a significantly lower carbon footprint compared to traditional sources.
Recent research highlights the potential of fatty acids, such as caproic acid (C6), for use in polyol esters (POEs). These esters play a vital role in producing high-performance lubricants. Laboratory assessments have demonstrated comparable or improved performance in key metrics, including viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, volatility, oxidation stability, and electrical properties. Additionally, these esters show potential for diverse applications, including industrial and automotive lubricants, aviation fluids, and environmentally acceptable fluids.
The study reinforces the importance of transitioning to sustainable materials within the lubricant industry. By reducing reliance on conventional feedstocks and leveraging circular economy principles, the industry can significantly lower its carbon footprint while maintaining product performance. This approach represents a meaningful step toward achieving sustainability goals and fostering environmental responsibility.
Keywords: upcycled fatty acids, sustainable lubricants, advanced synthetic esters, circular economy, Scope 3 emissions reduction, caproic acid (C6), polyol esters (POEs), high-performance lubricants, organic waste fermentation, environmentally acceptable fluids, carbon neutrality, lubricant sustainability, reduced carbon footprint, ChainCraft, sustainable feedstocks
Assistant Manager Research, Automotive Oils, Indian Oil Corp. Ltd.
The disposal of used oil poses a major environmental challenge due to its toxic components and heavy metal contamination. Re-refining used oil provides an energy-efficient alternative, consuming 50% less energy compared to crude oil refining. India’s Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) legislation promotes the use of re-refined base oil (RRBO), allowing a 5% blending in engine oils, with plans to increase this mandate to 40% by 2028. This approach supports sustainable industry practices and resource conservation, aligning with circular economy principles.
Indian Oil Corp. Ltd.’s (IOCL) R&D Centre in Faridabad has undertaken research to develop petrol and diesel engine oils incorporating RRBO. This study focuses on API CI-4 Plus/CK-4 SAE 15W-40 formulations for diesel engines and API SN SAE 5W-30 for petrol engines, addressing the challenge of limited domestic availability of only Group I RRBO. The research explores blending 25% Group I RRBO with virgin base oils and additives to meet stringent performance requirements for heavy-duty engine oils.
The formulations were rigorously tested for their physicochemical properties, thermo-oxidative stability, tribological behaviour, and engine performance. The candidate oils demonstrated equal or superior performance compared to 100% virgin oil-based formulations across key metrics, including TEOST (Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test), KHT (Hot Tube Test), PDSC (Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry), low-temperature performance, and anti-wear characteristics. Field trials on light commercial vehicles further validated the RRBO-blended oils’ real-world performance.
The study reveals that blending up to 25% RRBO in engine oils can significantly reduce environmental impact without compromising performance. Future research aims to optimise formulations to meet the evolving 40% blending mandate and expand the use of RRBO, including Group I and II oils, in other lubricant applications. This initiative marks a significant step toward a circular economy in the automotive oil sector.
Keywords: re-refined base oil (RRBO), circular economy, used oil recycling, sustainable engine oils, Indian Oil Corporation, API CI-4 Plus, API SN SAE 5W-30, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Group I RRBO, blending formulations, thermo-oxidative stability, tribological behaviour, environmental impact reduction, heavy-duty engine oils, lubricant sustainability
Senior Manager, China Industrial and Fuels, Lubrizol China
The global push towards a low-carbon economy has become a defining trend, driven by the shared commitment to sustainable development. While countries differ in their standards and approaches, China’s “2030/60” dual-carbon programme sets clear goals of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Transitioning to low-carbon energy and improving energy efficiency are essential pathways to achieving the dual objectives of economic development and environmental protection.
Energy-efficient hydraulic fluids and industrial gear oils (IGO) have been available as solutions to enhance energy efficiency for some time. However, operators, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and buyers remain cautious about adopting these technologies due to limited scientific evidence and uncertainty regarding their real-world benefits.
In response, Lubrizol conducted a multi-year project to evaluate both current and future energy-efficient hydraulic and IGO formulations. Through in-house bench tests, the company observed measurable efficiency improvements and validated the underlying mechanisms with developed test methods. Real-world field trials were conducted across a range of applications, including mobile off-highway equipment, plastic injection moulding machines (PIMM), and industrial gearboxes in the US, Europe, and China.
The trials consistently demonstrated that energy-efficient industrial oils deliver tangible benefits, such as fuel savings or electricity reduction during real-world operations. These improvements not only reduce CO2 emissions but also enhance operator margins, providing a clear economic and environmental advantage.
Lubrizol’s findings highlight the critical role of energy-efficient industrial oils in supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy, proving that such solutions can deliver measurable benefits and foster sustainable development across industries.
Keywords: energy-efficient industrial oils, low-carbon economy, hydraulic fluids, industrial gear oils (IGO), Lubrizol China, carbon neutrality, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, real-world field trials, sustainable development, 2030/60 dual-carbon programme, fuel savings, economic benefits, environmental protection, industrial sustainability
Sales Manager and Sustainability Lead, Ergon International Inc.
The global push to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is driving a transformative shift towards sustainability in the lubricant and fuel sectors. Meeting high performance standards while addressing environmental challenges has become a critical priority. This presentation unveils a pioneering approach in the base oil industry that integrates recycled and bio-based materials to deliver reduced carbon emissions and sustained product efficacy.
Initially validated in rubber and polymer applications, this hybrid solution demonstrates remarkable adaptability to lubricants and fuels. By leveraging higher polarity oils, the approach enhances surface action to achieve exceptional performance. It also aligns with regulatory frameworks such as the European Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), ensuring compliance with stringent sustainability standards.
Key Highlights:
1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction:
This hybrid approach significantly reduces carbon footprints and supports a sustainable product lifecycle without compromising quality or increasing costs.
2. Performance and Sustainability Synergy:
The integration of recycled and renewable materials ensures high performance in real-world applications, proving the viability of sustainable solutions in the lubricant and fuel industries.
3. Economic and Technical Benefits:
The use of commercially available components makes these hybrid products both cost-effective and technically robust. By addressing solvency issues in base oils, the approach also adapts seamlessly to the market shift towards sulfur-free fuels and more neutral base oils.
4. Global Regulatory Compliance:
The presentation examines how these products meet the demands of regulations like ESPR, which focuses on durability, recyclability, and circularity. The introduction of measures such as the Digital Product Passport underscores the importance of transparency and traceability across the value chain.
This presentation delivers actionable insights for stakeholders on adopting sustainable materials and practices in lubricant production. By aligning with the industry’s drive for carbon neutrality and economic feasibility, this approach promises to reshape best practices in the base oil industry. The findings offer a measurable framework for advancing sustainability, reducing environmental footprints, and meeting evolving market demands across the APAC region and beyond.
Keywords: energy-efficient industrial oils, low-carbon economy, hydraulic fluids, industrial gear oils (IGO), Lubrizol China, carbon neutrality, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, real-world field trials, sustainable development, 2030/60 dual-carbon programme, fuel savings, economic benefits, environmental protection, industrial sustainability
Project Manager, Electrification Material Development Dept., Electrification & Environment Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation
Achieving carbon neutrality requires significant reductions in CO2 emissions from both battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). While BEVs gain prominence, improving the fuel efficiency of engines used in HEVs and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) remains a critical challenge. Engine oil plays a pivotal role in reducing CO2 emissions, and advancements in fuel economy technology for engine oils are key to addressing this challenge.
One such innovation is the development of ultra-low viscosity oils, such as 0W-8, compliant with the new JASO GLV-1 standard. These oils have shown significant potential in reducing CO2 emissions in new vehicles. However, traditional low-viscosity oils face limitations, particularly at high temperatures, where viscosity reduction can impact engine performance, such as hydraulic pressure maintenance.
To overcome these challenges, flat viscosity oil technology is being explored. This approach maintains or exceeds the high-temperature viscosity of conventional oils while reducing viscosity at medium to low temperatures. Achieving these characteristics requires the use of high-performance base oils with low viscosity and a high viscosity index (VI), combined with advanced viscosity modifiers. This innovative technology not only improves fuel efficiency in new vehicles but also enhances the fuel economy of existing vehicles, thereby making a broader contribution to carbon neutrality.
To ensure the widespread adoption of these advanced fuel economy oils, the development of the JASO GLV-2 standard has been prioritised. This new standard sets the framework for improving the compatibility and performance of fuel economy oils across a wide range of vehicles, supporting the automotive industry’s journey toward sustainability.
Keywords: energy-efficient industrial oils, low-carbon economy, hydraulic fluids, industrial gear oils (IGO), Lubrizol China, carbon neutrality, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, real-world field trials, sustainable development, 2030/60 dual-carbon programme, fuel savings, economic benefits, environmental protection, industrial sustainability
Head of Product Stewardship & Regulatory Solutions Performance Chemicals – Asia Pacific, Trade Control Coordinator Performance Chemicals, BASF
The growing complexity of chemical and sustainability-related regulations is reshaping the fuel and lubricant industry. Compliance with local and international legislation is essential for marketability, especially in regions like Asia-Pacific (APAC), where regulations evolve rapidly. Key frameworks include Korea REACH, Taiwan REACH, and developments like the ChemIndia portal, alongside global influences like the EU Green Deal and Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation.
Navigating this regulatory landscape requires expertise, especially when introducing new chemistries or entering new markets. Inventory-based regulations in countries such as China, Japan, and Australia impose company-specific obligations, while REACH-like frameworks in Korea and the EU mandate importer-specific registrations. Mechanisms like Only Representatives offer streamlined compliance pathways.
A significant trend is the shift from risk-based to hazard-based assessments. Authorities review data, potentially leading to new costs, reclassifications, or restrictions. This regulatory tightening could reduce the toolbox of available chemistries, posing challenges for innovation in sustainable solutions.
Innovation in this context demands not just performance parity but also compliance with eco-toxicological evaluations. Ecolabels provide an opportunity to certify and promote sustainable products internationally.
This presentation highlights the evolving regulatory frameworks impacting the APAC and global markets, offering practical insights for navigating compliance challenges in the fuel and lubricant industry.
Keywords: regulatory compliance, APAC regulations, REACH, hazard-based assessments, sustainable solutions, Ecolabels, chemical regulations, lubricant industry, fuel additives, innovation barriers
